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Pecularities of translation into Ukrainian of English phraseological units in the texts of literary discourse

Предмет: 
Тип роботи: 
Курсова робота
К-сть сторінок: 
52
Мова: 
English
Оцінка: 

or herself as a prophetical figure, somebody who speaks directly, roughly, who denounces sinners and demands intense repentance, this defines implicitly what legitimate literary discourse has to be and, correlatively, the nature of illegitimate poetry: he is reaffirming his or her enunciative identity inside the field. The importance of scenography in literature is particularly obvious if we consider that for many literary works the very notion of genre poses a problem. The genres here are not pre-established frames, but partly a consequence of a decision of the author, who selfcategorizes his or her own verbal production as ‘essay’, ‘fantasy’, ‘thoughts’, ‘story’, etc. If a novelist or a poet calls his or her text a ‘meditation’, a ‘trip’ or a ‘report’, that label claims to define the way in which the text is to be interpreted.

 
 
2.2 Options in the translation of literary discourse phraseology
 
The ways of rendering of phraseological units
Translation of phraseologisms is a very complicated problem. Right translation is stipulated with finding the most concordant and equivalent words that is usually deprived of coloring in the translation as a usual lexical unit. The figurative meaning is the basic element of the idiom’s semantics. It is this nature that makes them distinguishable from structurally identical free combinations of words: to take the bull by the horns – брати бика за роги (переходити безпосередньо до справи, предмету розмови), to be busy as a bee – бути зайнятим як бджола (бути надзвичайно заклопотаним), to rain cats and dogs – лити як з відра (про дощ), to be born under a lucky star – народитися під щасливою зіркою.
Some proper names can also be endowed with figurative meaning and possess the necessary expressiveness which are the distinguishing features of idioms: Croesus, Tommy (Tommy Atkins), Yankee, Mrs. Grundy, Jack Ketch, etc. These proper names have acquired their constant meaning and can not be confused with usual (common) proper names of people. As a result their transferred meaning is conveyed in a descriptive way. So Mrs. Grundy means світ, люди, існуюча мораль; Jack Ketch – кат; Tommy Atkins – англійський солдат; Yankee (in Europe) – янкі/американець, etc. 
Similarly treated must also be many other English and Ukrainian picturesque idioms, proverbs and sayings. The latter, depending on the semantic structure of the source language idiom, may be sometimes achieved in the target language with the help of a single word: an odd/queer fish – дивак; Canterbury tale – небувальщина, вигадка; ніде курці клюнути – crammed; зубами тертяка вибивати – to be chilled. 
Most often, however, the meaning of this kind of idioms is conveyed with the help of free word-combinations: to dine with Duke Humphrey – залишитись без обіду (нічого не ївши); to cut off with a shilling – позбавити когось спадщини; ноги на плечі – to go quickly (or very quickly) on one’s feet; кивати/накивати п’ятами – to run away quickly/hurriedly. Faithful translating of a large number of idiomatic/phraseological expressions, on the other hand, can be achieved only by a thorough selection of variants having in the target language a similar to the original lexical meaning, and also their picturesqueness and expressiveness. This similarity can be based on common in the source language and in the target language componental images as well as on the structural form of them: a grass widow (widower) – солом’яна вдова (вдівець); not to see a step beyond one’s nose – далі свого носа нічого не бачити; measure twice and cut once – сім раз одміряй, а раз відріж.
The following ways of faithful rendering the idiomatic/phraseological expressions are identified:
By Choosing Absolute/Complete Equivalents
This is the method of translating by which every componental part of
the source language idiom is retained in the target language unchanged. Translating
with the help of equivalents is resorted to when dealing with idioms which
originate from the same source in both the languages in question:
Augean stables – авгієві стайні (занедбане, занехаяне місце); a labour of Sisyphus – сізіфова праця (важка і марна праця); to cross (pass) the Rubicon – перейти Рубікон (прийняти важливе рішення); the golden age – золотий вік (золоті часи); to cast the first stone at one – першим кинути у когось каменем; the golden calf – золотий телець/ідол; a lost sheep – заблудла вівця.
Some mots belonging to prominent English and American authors have also turned into regular idiomatic expressions. Due to their constant use in belles-lettres they have become known in many languages. Especially considerable is the amount of Shakespearean mots: better a witty fool than a foolish wit – краще дотепний дурень, ніж дурний дотеп; cowards die many times before their deaths – боягузи вмирають багато разів.
Translation of Idioms by Choosing Near Equivalents 
Фото Капча