Іноземна мова (англійська)

Ukraine has contributed many outstanding scientists to the world. In the 15th-17th centuries they were the talented physician Yury of Drohobych and linguists and linguists L.Zyzaniy and P.Berynda. The beginning of the 17th century was also marked by the creative activity of the prominent linguist M.Smotrytsky whose “Slavic Grammar” became the basis of grammars of many Slavic languages. In the 18th century the main scientific centre of Ukraine was the Kyivo-Mohyla Academy whose most famous representatives of that time were N. Maksymovich and O.Shumlyansky. The 19th and 20th centuries produced such outstanding scientists as the mathematicians M.Ostrogradsky and A. Pohorelov, the linguists O. Bodynsky, A.Potebnya, the historians V.Antonovich, M.Hrushevsky and D.Bahaliy, the orientalist A.Krumsky, the geologist P.Tutkovsky, the physicians V.Obraztsov, M.Strazhesko, V.Filatov, the lawyer M.Vasylenko and many others. 

Ukrainians are also proud ofthe fact that only several months after the nucleus of the atom was split by the English physicists G.Cockroft and E.Walton in 1932, the same result was achieved in one of the laboratories of Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology headed by I.Kurchatov and A. Ioffe. It was the first split of an atom in the USSR and a great success of Soviet scientists. Nobel Prize laureate Academician Lev Landau worked for many years, heading the Institute of Physics and Technology. Another Nobel Prize laureate Ilya Mechnicov was born in Kharkiv region, studied in Kharkiv National University and worked there for a long time. The first electronic computing machine in Europe was designed by our countryman S. Lebedev in 195 The famous astronomer Academisian Mykola Barabashov worked in Kharkiv Observatory and made significant discoveries concerning Mars, Moon and  Venis. Ukrainian scientists made their contribution into the development of space explorations. The Southern Machine Building plant and Kharkiv “Khartron” designed and launched hundreds of artificial Earth satellites ncluding the famous “Zenith”. 

The world famous Ukrainian scientists  are Volodymir Vernadsky and Yevhen Paton. 

Volodymyr Vernadsky was the first President of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences. He was a prominent naturalist, mineralogist, the founder of geochemistry and biochemistry, the creator of the biosphere theory. Together with Oleksander Fersman he was the first to suggest the use of radioactivity in studying geological processes . He was also the first to estimate the age of the most ancient elements of the Earth surface as being 4,5 billion years old. 

Yevhen Paton was an outstanding Ukrainian constructor, famous for his contribution in bridge-building and welding. He studied Engineering in Dresden (Germany) and St.Petersburg, and in 1904 became a professor of Kyiv Polytechnic Institute where he headed the bridge-testing laboratory. Evhen Paton designed over 35 bridges, including the famous bridge across the Dnipro River that was named after him. He is also considered to be the father of electronic welding. The Institute of Electronic Welding the director of which Evhen Paton had been till his very death, developed his theory  and mastered the highly productive hidden welding technique which is used world –wide. 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I.Language

Exercise Vocabulary to be learnt

advancement – успіх to join – з’єднувати 

affair – справа lead – свинець 

to appoint – призначати  legislature – законодавство, влада 

approval – схвалення (ухвалення) majority – більшість 

castle – фортеця marble – мармур 

coast – узбережжя meadow – луг 

commander-in-chief – головнокомандуючий mild – м’який 

community- суспільство, спільність mouth – гирло 

to compose – складати oversea (s) – закордонний 

confidence – довіра peer (peeress) – лорд (пер), леді (дружина пера)

considerable – значний proceedings – засідання 

contribution –вклад, внесок to provide – забезпечувати 

copper – мідь to reign – царювати 

damp -  сирий remarkable –чудовий 

election – вибори to run – правити 

to elect – вибирати to rule – правити 

to exercise – виконувати обов’язки salary – заробітна плата 

to flow – текти slate – слюда 

to gain – одержувати shadow cabinet -  тіньовий кабінет 

hereditary – спадковий suffrage – право голосу, виборче право 

to inherit – успадкувати substantial – важливий, головний 

influence – вплив supply – запаси 

island – острів thistle -  чортополох , будяк 

isle – острів (це слово вживається з деякими геог-

рафічними назвами та  в поезії, в інших випадках вживаєть-

ся слово island 

woolsack – набита шерстю подушка, на якій си-

дить голова (лорд-канцлер) в палаті лордів 

to win – вигравати 

to be vested in - наділені владою 

 

II. Practice 

Exercise Express your agreement with the following statements. Use the phrases: Exactly so Sure(ly ), I agree