+3 8(066) 185-39-18
fПредмет:
Тип роботи:
Навчальний посібник
К-сть сторінок:
97
Мова:
Українська
so years ago, discussions of social responsibility were of three types. Firstly, there was a lot of talk about how business people should behave in their work. Should they have the same ethical standards – the same principles – as they had in their private life? A question which was often discussed was: should an executive offer a bribe to secure a contract, when he knew that his competitors were likely to do so? Secondly, people discussed the social responsibility of business towards its employees. They were interested in how organisations could improve the working conditions of their employees. Finally, social responsibility included the idea that business people should contribute to cultural activities. They should support activities like music festivals and exhibitions. Executives were also expected to serve on educational committees, hospital boards, and so on. In other words, they had to take an active part in the life of their community.
Nowadays, there is a new approach to social responsibility. Many people say that a business should try to meet the needs and interests of society. It has an obligation to help solve the problems of society. Because of this new concept, society expects more from its business organisations. For example, pressure is put on business to provide a safer environment. A chemical company, therefore, is not only expected to meet government standards regarding pollution. It must take steps to reduce pollution to as low a level as possible – even if this means reduced profits.
These days, businesses are expected to show social responsibility in all kinds of ways. They are urged to provide safer products; to protect and respect envi- ronment; to hire more people from minority groups; to offer work opportunities to unemployed youngsters; to oppose racial discrimination and at all times behave with integrity. The list is endless.
The new concept of social responsibility means that businesses and business people must have integrity. They must deal honestly with their employees, and with the outside world. As Sir John Clark of the Plessey company says, “I attach more importance to integrity than to ability”.
Successful companies are very sensitive if their integrity is attacked. They usually respond sharply. Some time ago, an English health inspector found fault with the standards of hygiene in a Trusthouse Forte hotel. Lord Forte was most upset by the inspector’s accusations. Making no attempt to plead guilty and by so doing avoid publicity; the Trusthouse Forte Group fought the case in the courts. It also advertised in several national newspapers to give its side of the case.
There are, nevertheless, some famous people who are against the new approach. One of these is Milton Friedman, an American economist who won the Nobel Prize for Economics in 1976. Milton Friedman believes that business has only one social responsibility. That is “to use its resources and energy in activities designed to increase its profits as long as it stays within the rules of the game... and engages in open and free competition, without deception and fraud”. Fried-man says that a business’s social responsibility is “to make as much money for its shareholders as possible”.
It is certainly true that social actions cost money. And businesses have to bear that cost often by raising prices, lowering wages or having less profit. Someone has to pay for the social actions in the end – it may be the customer, the employee or the shareholder.
A spokesman for the Rank-Xerox company spoke recently of the wide range of social projects Rank-Xerox were engaged in: grants of equipment to universities; information technology projects and seminars; training programmes in universities and schools; career seminars; sponsorship of art competitions etc. The spokesman said that the social projects were “an integral part of the company’s business strategy”. They were not some sort of charity work which would get a brief mention in the company’s annual report. Being a large organization, Rank-Xerox had many contacts with government departments and other groups in society. And, since it was a knowledge-based company, it needed to hire highly skilled people. Its social programmes were “critical to its success”. There was no doubt that, in the long run, these activities were profitable to the organization.
Task 1. Learn the following words and word-combintions:
social – of society or its organization, esp. of the relations of people or classes of people
responsibility – authority; managerial freedom; duty, commitment
to offer a bribe – to offer money or services in one's favour
to reduce – to make smaller or less
to be urged – to be encouraged or entreated earnestly or persistently
integrity – moral excellence; honesty
to plead guilty – to declare oneself to be guilty or not guilty of a