Pecularities of translation into Ukrainian of English phraseological units in the texts of literary discourse

Предмет:

Тип роботи:

Курсова робота

К-сть сторінок:

Мова:

English

Оцінка:

birds with one stone” is good, “to find a mare’s nest” is a ludicrous mistake while “Rome was not built in a day” is a neutral statement of fact. They can also differ in their stylistic usage: they may be bookish – to show one’s true colours, – or colloquial – to be pain in the neck. Besides, an idiom can be nationally coloured, that is, they include some words which mark it as the product of a certain nation. For instance, “to set the Thames on fire” and “to carry coals to Newcastle” are unmistakably British, whereas “it’s not my cup of tea” is American.

Phraseological units can be classified according to the ways they are formed, according to the degree of the motivation of their meaning, according to their structure and according to their part-of-speech meaning. The most popular is the synchronic (semantic) classification of phraseological units proposed by V.V. Vinogradov. He developed some points first advanced by the Swiss linguist Charles Bally and gave a strong impetus to a purely lexicological treatment of the material. According to Vinogradov’s classification all phraseological units are divided into phraseological fusions(фразеологічні зрощення), phraseological unities(фразеологічні єдності) and phraseological combinations(фразеологічні сполуки).

Phraseological fusion is a semantically indivisible phraseological unit which meaning is never influenced by the meanings of its components [2; 244].

It means that phraseological fusions represent the highest stage of blending together. The meaning of components is completely absorbed by the meaning of the whole, by its expressiveness and emotional properties. Examples:

to kick the bucket (розм.) – загнутися, померти; to rain cats and dogs – лити як з відра (про дощ); to be all thumbs(“one’s fingers are all thumbs”) – бути невмілим, незграбним, once in a blue moon – раз на віку; to cry for the moon – шукати кістки в молоці(вимагати неможливогоі; under the rose – під полою, нишком. Sometimes phraseological fusions are called idioms under which linguists understand a complete loss of the inner form. To explain the meaning of idioms is a complicated etymological problem (tit for tat means “to revenge”, but no one can explain the meaning of the words tit and tat).

Phraseological unity is a semantically indivisible phraseological unit the whole meaning of which is motivated by the meanings of its components [2; 245].

In general, phraseological unities are the phrases where the meaning of the whole unity is not the sum of the meanings of its components but is based upon them and may be understood from the components. The meaning of the significant word is not too remote from its ordinary meanings. This meaning is formed as a result of generalized figurative meaning of a free word-combination. It is the result of figurative metaphoric reconsideration of a word-combination.

Examples: to come to one’s sense –to change one’s mind; to come home – to hit the mark; to fall into a rage – to get angry; to spill the beans – видати секрет.

Typical features of the phraseological unities:

a bright figurativeness and possibility of a coincidence with other word-combinations (to throw dust into smb.’s eyes – заговорювати зуби, to be narrow in the shoulders – розуміти жартів, to burn one’s fingers – обпектися на чомусь, помилитися, to burn bridges – спалювати мости)
stability of the semantic structure of other components (to put a spoke in smb.’s wheel – ставити палиці в колеса)
impossibility of substitution one component into another one (to hold one’s cards close to one’s chest – не відкривати карт,тобто тримати щось в секреті, не розголошувати)
an emotional - expressive coloration plays a decisive role (to paint the devil blacker than he is – згущувати фарби)
capability to enter into relations with the synonymous single words or other phraseological units: to gild refined gold – to paint the lily – вдосконалювати те, що не потребує досконалості)

Phraseological unities are characterized by the semantic duality. One can’t define for sure the semantic meaning of separately taken phraseological unities isolated from the context, because these word-combinations may be used as free in the direct meaning and as phraseological in the figurative meaning.

Phraseological combination (collocation) is a construction or an expression in which every word has absolutely clear independent meaning while one of the components has a bound meaning [2; 246]. It means that phraseological combinations contain one component used in its direct meaning while the other is used figuratively. Examples: to make an attempt – to try; to make haste – to hurry; to offer an apology – to beg pardon, to fall in love ‒ to love somebody, to play with fire ‒ to do dangerous things, а pitched battle – запекла сутичка, Adam’s apple – Адамове яблуко.

Typical features of the phraseological combinations:

there is such possibility to change one