Англійська мова для студентів технічних ВНЗ

All these ecological problems are caused by disturbing the natural balance in the Earth’s ecosystem. Ecosystem is a community of plants, animals and homo sapiens (as a part of the world ecosystem) within a particular habitat. To study the ecosystem in relation to their environment is the aim of the science called ecology. Nowadays the words “ecology” is on everyone’s lips because our everyday life, our health and, in the end, the survival of the mankind depend on the solution of ecological problems facing the man.

Визначте, чи вірними є висловлювання.

1. All ecological problems are caused by solar activity. 2. Carbon monoxide is produced only by cars. 3. International Ecological organization is called the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. 4. Man often calls himself a “king of seas”. 5. Ecology is a science studying insects. 6. Economic activity usually has a negative effect on nature.

25.2. Письмові завдання

Вправа 1. Складіть речення з частин, наведених у лівому та правому стовпчиках таблиці. 

A drought happenswhen there aren’t enough trees

A famine happenswhen there isn’t enough rain

A flood happenswhen there is too much carbon dioxide 

Trees fall downwhen there is too much rain

The world produces less oxygenwhen the wind is too strong

The atmosphere becomes warmerwhen there is too much ultraviolet radiation

There is more skin cancerwhen there isn’t enough food

25.3. Читання

Прочитайте текст. Знайдіть підкреслені слова у словнику.

The planet and all its inhabitants are threatened today by a potential global ecological crisis that is all the more dangerous because it is insidious, consisting of many separate problems with little immediate effect on daily life, but whose cumulative impact and interactions may suddenly break upon us, making significant parts of the planet less productive or inhabitable. This crisis will only become apparent when it is too late to avoid much of the damage. We could be condemned, not to a return to some primitive past, but to a much more desolate and limited future, a science fiction version of the dark ages that followed the collapse of Roman civilization, with hoards of refugees over-running stable communities in search of the means of survival. Our only hope is to have the wisdom and the will to anticipate the dangers and to change in time our goals, our behaviour and even the direction in which our civilization is moving.

Вправа 2. Продовжіть речення, базуючись на інформації з тексту.

1. Our planet is threatened by ___. 2. Ecological crisis consists of ___. 3. This crisis will only become apparent when ___. 4. We should have the wisdom and the will to ___.

25.4. Граматика. Складне речення. Типи підрядних речень

Означальні. Вводиться словами who, whom, which, that, where. 

I know the man who wrote this article. Я знаю людину, яка написала цю статтю. 

He is the writer whom we all know. Він письменник, якого ми всі знаємо. 

It is the article which everybody must read. Це стаття, яку всі повинні прочитати. 

You can easily find the newspaper where his article was printed. Ви з легкістю можете знайти газету, в якій була надрукована його стаття. 

You have to translate everything that is printed on page four. Вам доведеться перекласти все, що надруковано на четвертій сторінці. 

Додаткові. Вводяться зазвичай сполучником that. 

He says that his father is busy. Він каже, що його батько зайнятий. 

We see that you are busy. Ми бачимо, що ви зайняті. 

Обставинні (часу, місця, причини, умови та ін.). 

When you come, we will finish our work. Коли ти прийдеш, ми закінчимо нашу роботу. 

She was standing where everybody could see her. Вона стояла там, де всі могли її бачити. 

She goes to the party because she is invited. Вона йде на вечірку, тому що її запросили. 

If you want, I can read my translation to you. Якщо хочете, я можу вам прочитати свій переклад. 

Запам’ятайте! У підрядних речення часу та умови не вживається майбутній час. Замість нього вживається теперішній час.

Вправа 3. Перекладіть речення, звертаючи увагу на переклад підряд-них речень.

1. He told me that he would come to see me the next day. 2. We think that she will help us. 3. Tom said that he was going to give up his job. 4. The girl who was injured in the accident is now in the hospital. 5. Nick works for the company which makes computers. 6. The police have caught the man who stole my friend’s car. 7. Do you know the three particles that make up an atom?

Вправа 4. Визначте тип підрядного речення та перекладіть рідною мовою.

1. When