Англійська мова для студентів технічних ВНЗ

Вправа 4. Поставте запитання до виділених фрагментів речень.

1. He is going to Paris next week. 2. This supermarket works 24 hours. (general question) 3. Tom was cooking a cake for the dinner. 4. They have been painting the wall since the morning. 5. Einstein developed the theory of relativity. 6. When we arrived to Italy the weather was awful. 7. There were three red roses in the vase. 8. He went to his office in the morning. 9. He will arrive at the station at 6 p. m. 10. The scientists are studying the behaviour of elementary particles. 11. There were some problems when they were going through the customs. (general question)

Вправа 5. Знайдіть три англійських прислів’я, що характеризують національні традиції та звички.

Unit 3. Ukraine in European Educational Environment

Lesson 13. Ukraine

13.1. Розмовна тема. Україна

Active Vocabulary:

government – уряд; anthem – гімн; to border on – межувати з; total area – загальна площа; mountain – гора; tributary – приток; moderate – помірний; fertile – родючий; black soil – чорнозем, agricultural – сільсько-господар-ський; to be rich in – бути багатим; equipment – устаткування; instrument – прилад; consumer goods – споживчі товари; legislative – законодавчий; executive – виконавчий; judicial – судовий; to be elected – бути обраним.

Ukraine is situated in the south-eastern part of Central Europe and has its own territory, government, national emblem, flag and anthem. It borders on Russia, Byelorussia, Moldova, Slovakia, Romania, Hungary and Poland on land and Russia, Georgia, Bulgaria, Romania and Turkey on sea. The population of Ukraine is over 47 million. The total area of the country is 603, 700 km² (45th country in size). The capital of Ukraine is Kiev.

The territory of Ukraine is mostly a level, treeless plain, called “steppe”. There are the Crimean Mountains in the Crimean peninsula and the Carpathians in the west, but they are not very high. The territory of our country has an astonishing variety of landscapes. We have high mountains, vast steppes, endless forests, beautiful rivers and lakes. The largest lake of Ukraine is Swytyaz, its total area is 24. 2 square kilometres and the depth is 58. 5 metres. Ukraine has 131 rivers, among them are the Dnieper with its tributaries such as the Desna, the Prypyat, the Dniester, the Bug, the Donets. The flora and fauna of our country are extremely rich. Almost all kinds of European animals and birds can be found on the territory of our vast land. Ukraine has inexhaustible natural wealth. It possesses enormous tracts of woodland, vast tracts of fertile arable lands and fine pastures.

The climate of the country is moderate. Winter is rather mild, with no severe frosts but with regular snowfalls everywhere except the south. The rivers and lakes freeze in winter. The average winter temperature varies from -20 Centigrade in the north to -5 in the south. Summer is quite hot and dry, with occasional showers and thunderstorms. The fertile black soil is well watered in spring and autumn and gets plenty of sunshine in summer.

The country is rich in natural resources, such as iron ore, coal, colour metals, oil, gas, mineral salts, clay and potential water power. It has developed a varied industry, concentrated mostly in and around such big cities as Kiev, Zaporozhye, Dnepropetrovsk, Dnyeprodzerzhinsk, Odessa, Kharkov, Lviv, Nickolayev and others. It produces planes and ships, lorries and busses, motorcars and locomotives, computer and electronic equipment, precision instruments and agricultural machines, TV and radio sets, chemicals and textiles and various consumer goods. Odessa, Sebastopol, Nickolayev, Kherson and Kerch are main Ukrainian ports.

Due to the favorable climatic conditions, Ukraine is traditionally an agricultural area. It grows wheat, maize, buckwheat and other corn, red and green vegetables, all kinds of fruit, melons and berries. Ukraine is one of the world’s main centers of sugar production. It produces sugar both for its own needs and for export.

Ukraine is a parliamentary-presidential democracy with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The Declaration of Ukrainian Independence was proclaimed on August 24, 1991 by the Ukrainian Parliament. The President of Ukraine is elected by countrywide popular vote and is the head of the executive branch. The Prime Minister is appointed by the 450-seat parliament, the Verkhovna Rada. The parliament also approves the Cabinet of Ministers,