Англійська мова для студентів технічних ВНЗ

Speech Patterns

I knowя знаю

As far asI understandНаскількия розумію

I can judgeя можу судити

 

Choose one of the options.

1. The first successful flight over Mars was performed ___.

a) in the late 1960s b) last year c) at the beginning of 20th century

2. Observations proved that Mars is ___.

a) cold b) warm c) hot

3. Ice on Mars is made of ___.

a) water b) carbon monoxide c) carbon dioxide

 

Text 8. What Is An Electric Car?

Active Vocabulary: 

gasolineбензинexclusivelyвиключно

amountобсягto adoptприймати

acceleratorакселераторcommitmentзацікавленість

vehicleтранспортний засібsimultaneouslyодночасно

rechargeableтакий, що можна перезаряджатиtailpipeвихлопна труба

unlikeна відміну відutility companyкомунальна компанія

to improveудосконалюватиsmokestackдимар

An electric car is powered by an electric motor instead of a gasoline engine. The electric motor gets energy from a controller, which regulates the amount of power based on the driver’s use of an accelerator pedal. The electric car (also known as electric vehicle or EV) uses energy stored in its rechargeable batteries, which are recharged by common household electricity.

Unlike a hybrid car – which is fueled by gasoline and uses a battery and motor to improve efficiency – an electric car is powered exclusively by electricity. Historically, EVs have not been widely adopted because of limited driving range before needing to be recharged, long recharging times, and a lack of commitment by automakers to produce and market electric cars that have all the creature comforts of gas-powered cars. That’s changing. As battery technology improves – simultaneously increasing energy storage and reducing cost – major automakers are expected to begin introducing a new generation of electric cars.

Electric cars produce no tailpipe emissions, reduce our dependency on oil, and are cheaper to operate. Of course, the process of producing the electricity moves the emissions further upstream to the utility company’s smokestack – but even dirty electricity used in electric cars usually reduces our collective carbon footprint.

Speech patterns

Heis expectedto arrive tonight. Очікується, що він приїде сьогодні ввечері. 

is knownto be a good driver. Відомо, що він добрий водій. 

is sureto pass the exam. Він напевно складе екзамен. 

Choose one of the options.

1. An electric car is powered by ___.

a) an electric motor b) a diesel engine c) an internal combustion engine

2. Batteries are recharged ___.

a) only at service stations b) from another car c) from household electric grid

3. Recharging a battery now takes ___.

a) little time b) much time c) much work of many people

Text 9. How Bearings Work?

Active Vocabulary: 

bearingпідшипникstorageзберігання

to spinобертатисьis excess ofпонад

smoothlyплавноrevolutionоберт

to wear (wore, worn) зношуватисьto meltплавитись

frictionтертяto explodeвибухати

to slideковзатиto handleмати справу з чимось

to causeвикликатиlogколода

to reduceзменшуватиto withstandвитримувати

flywheelмахове колесоconcaveугнутий

 

Have you ever wondered how things like inline skate wheels and electric motors spin so smoothly and quietly? The answer can be found in a neat little machine called a bearing.

The bearing makes many of the machines we use every day possible. Without bearings, we would be constantly replacing parts that wore out from friction.

The concept behind a bearing is very simple. Things roll better than they slide. The wheels on your car are like big bearings. If you had something like skis instead of wheels, your car would be a lot more difficult to push down the road. That is because when things slide, the friction between them causes a force that tends to slow them down. But if the two surfaces can roll over each other, the friction is greatly reduced.

Bearings reduce friction by providing smooth metal balls or rollers, and a smooth inner and outer metal surface for the balls to roll against. These balls or rollers “bear” the load, allowing the device to spin smoothly.

There are several types of bearings, and each has its own interesting uses, including magnetic bearings and giant roller bearings.

Magnetic Bearings. Some very high-speed devices, like advanced flywheel energy storage systems, use magnet bearings. These bearings allow the flywheel to float on a magnetic field created by the bearing. Some of the flywheels run at speeds in excess of 50, 000 revolutions per minute (rpm). Normal bearings with rollers or balls would melt down or explode at these speeds. The magnetic bearing has no moving parts, so it can handle these incredible speeds.

Giant Roller Bearings. Probably the first use of a bearing was back when the Egyptians were building the pyramids. They put round logs under the heavy stones so that they could roll them